Wait I know nothing about chemistry but I'm curious now, what are the footguns?
aio
I read one of the papers. About the specific question you have: given a string of bits s, they're making the choice to associate the empirical distribution to s, as if s was generated by an iid Bernoulli process. So if s has 10 zero bits and 30 one bits, its associated empirical distribution is Ber(3/4). This is the distribution which they're calculating the entropy of. I have no idea on what basis they are making this choice.
The rest of the paper didn't make sense to me - they are somehow assigning a number N of "information states" which can change over time as the memory cells fail. I honestly have no idea what it's supposed to mean and kinda suspect the whole thing is rubbish.
Edit: after reading the author's quotes from the associated hype article I'm 100% sure it's rubbish. It's also really funny that they didn't manage to catch the COVID-19 research hype train so they've pivoted to the simulation hypothesis.
I don't think it's very surprising. The various CS departments are extremely happy to ride the wave of easy funding and spend a lot of time boosting AI, just like how a few years ago all the cryptographers were getting into blockchains. For instance they added an entire new "AI" major, while eliminating the electrical engineering major on the grounds that "computation" is more important than electrical engineering.
If you want a serious discussion of interpretations of quantum mechanics, here is a transcript of a lecture "Quantum Mechanics in Your Face" which has the best explanation I've ever seen. I'd recommend the first 6 of Peter Shor's Quantum Computation notes (don't worry they're each very short) for just enough background to understand the transcript.
Possibly the worst misunderstanding of quantum mechanics I've ever seen. I have no idea how anyone managed to convince themselves that the laws of physics are somehow different for conscious observers.
i read the title and was like damn we're dunking on game engines now?